Yesterday I presented Bonnie++ and IOzone benchmarks for a solid state drive in a client machine and discussed the relative merits of purchasing an SSD over a set of hard disks costing the same money. Today I'll look at deploying and taking advantage of the extremely fast seek time of the SSD on a server.
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Solid state drives (SSD) have many advantages over traditional spinning-platter hard drives including no noise, low power and heat generation, good resistance to shock, and most importantly, extremely low seek times. To see just how much an SSD might improve performance, I used Bonnie++ to benchmark a contemporary SSD as it might be used in a laptop computer.
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Hard drives are slow and fail often, and though abolished for working memory ages ago, fixed-size partitions are still the predominant mode of storage space allocation. As if worrying about speed and data loss weren't enough, you also have to worry about whether your partition size calculations were just right when you were installing a server or whether you'll wind up in the unenviable position of having a partition run out of space, even though another partition is maybe mostly unused. And if you might have to move a partition across physical volume boundaries on a running system, well, woe is you.
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Want to get an idea of what speed advantage adding an expensive hardware RAID card to your new server is likely to give
you? You can benchmark the performance difference between running a RAID using the Linux kernel software RAID and a hardware RAID card. My own tests of the two alternatives yielded some interesting results.
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Many people leave their computers on around the clock. This usually implies that all the attached hard disks are always spinning. Constantly spinning up a hard disk normally increases the chances of drive failure. When a disk is not powered it should last longer than if it was spinning. There is a delicate balance between having a hard disk spinning down and up too frequently and leaving it spinning around the clock. If you have a filesystem that you want to have near instant access to but do so on an infrequent basis, you might like to use spindown to automatically spin down the disk containing that filesystem after you have finished accessing the drive.
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Compellent has been shipping its SAN appliances to small to medium-sized companies for three years, growing from $4 million in annual sales to more than $23 million last year. Part of the reason for that growth, says cofounder John Guider, is that Compellent executives have recognized the value of making an open source operating system one of the building blocks of the company's SAN offerings.
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By
Joe Barr on January 22, 2007 (8:00:00 AM)
FreeNAS is a small, powerful, full-featured implementation of
FreeBSD as a network-attached storage device. (It also happens to be
January's Project of the Month at SourceForge.net.) If you're a Linux user like me, the BSD-speak used for devices and such might give you pause, but other than that small caveat, installation and usage shouldn't be a problem. It's powerful enough to be used in the enterprise, but it's friendly enough so that even a typical home office user can take advantage of it. Here's how I created an easy-to-use NAS device for rsync backups and FTP server on my LAN.
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Today, Fibre Channel is the dominant enterprise storage technology, but as with all technologies, eventually something better comes along. If you're lucky, that something is also less complex and less expensive. For storage, that something may be
ATA over Ethernet (AoE), a simple and open network protocol that allows storage to be accessed over Ethernet. Here's how you can set up a test server to provide shared storage using AoE.
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FreeNAS, an open source NAS server, can convert a PC into a
network-attached storage server. The software, which is based on FreeBSD, Samba, and PHP, includes an operating system that supports various software RAID models and a Web user interface. The server supports access from Windows machines, Apple Macs, FTP, SSH, and Network File System (NFS), and it takes up less than 16MB of disk space on a hard drive or removable media.
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Network-attached storage (NAS) offers an alternative to traditional fileservers by creating systems designed specifically for data storage. A NAS box generally runs an embedded operating system (OS) rather than a full-fledged network OS, and it requires no monitor, keyboard, or mouse. One of the simplest NAS setups is
Server Elements' NASLite.
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Framestore CFC, the animation studio responsible for much of the eerie special effects work in the latest installment of the Harry Potter film series, "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire," uses fast, powerful Intel-based Linux clusters in its render farm, but it was still running into problems because of bottlenecks with its Network File System servers.
Accio Lustre -- an open source cluster file system called Lustre helped feed the studio's prodigious I/O appetite at a price point that keeps it competitive with larger organizations.
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Recently
Mailroute, a company that provides virus and spam filtering for businesses, switched its GNU/Linux-based servers from SCSI to Serial ATA disks and saved itself a lot of money. The switchover wouldn't have been possible without
Broadcom's new SATA RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) controller, the RAIDCore BC4852.
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<ed by cp 6.22>
Representatives of the
OpenIB
Alliance, launched recently with funding from Intel and aimed at
unifying efforts to build on the InfiniBand high-performance computing interconnect technology,
stress that their goal of a single software stack for deploying InfiniBand
is intended for multiple operating systems, including Windows, HP-UX, AIX,
and Linux.
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